Toward Inclusive Labor Governance: Innovation in Employment Services for Outsourced Worker Protection in Indonesia

The issue of labour protection and supervision is a growing issue. The government has implemented various strategies to address the problem, from developing digital-based services to issuing regulations that adapt to new issues. This study aims to explore the obstacles and public responses to the innovation of the Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia in providing protection and supervision services for outsourced workers. This study uses qualitative analysis and a content analysis approach. This study uses primary data from public reviews of the SIAPkerja application on the Google Play Store. NVivo 12 Plus software was used in this study to extract review data for visualisation. This study found that digital-based service innovation has not optimally provided services in the employment sector. Public sentiment towards digital services shows a negative nuance, proving that the SIAPkera application has not provided convenience for workers. Established regulations designed to protect the rights of outsourcing workers have not been appropriately implemented. Several companies still exploit the outsourcing worker system and ignore their obligations. The study concludes that innovation and regulations have not fully addressed the protection and supervision of outsourced workers and the government has not taken firm action against companies that violate the rules. This research provides practical implications: the government must evaluate digital service outputs to ensure they are effective. Theoretical implications: deregulation of labour protection and oversight requires a field-based monitoring approach to assess the effectiveness of the regulations.