Abstract
This study examines how copper oxide (CuO), graphene (Gr) and aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles affect diesel engine performance and fuel economy. Nanoparticles are combined with diesel fuel and surfactants before engine testing. The results suggest that adding nanoparticles to diesel increases engine performance, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and reduces brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). In this study, the second law of thermodynamics, based on exergy and entransy theory, was used to analyze the energy output of a diesel engine fueled with additives for diesel Nano catalysts at five different concentrations (0.05, 0.44, 1.025, 1.6 and 2 g/l), including Al₂O₃, CuO, and Gr nanoparticles. The trials were run with varying engine speed from 1500-2500 rpm at full load. The findings of this investigation demonstrated that adding nanoparticles to diesel decreased BSFC while increasing BTE. Reductions were made in the heat loss from cooling water, unaccounted heat loss and heat loss from exhaust gases. The BTE, exergy efficiency and entransy efficiency went up by an average of 12.35%, 7.5% and 18.5% when specific nanoparticles were added to pure diesel blends at a rate ranging from 0.05 to 2 grams per liter. Additionally, BSFC, entropy generation, exergy destruction and entransy destruction all had average decreases of 11, 5.5, 7.5 and 18.5%. At an engine speed of 2100 rpm, the nano-Gr-diesel containing 1.6 g/l nanocatalyst had the maximum energy efficiency and minimum exergy loss compared to other diesel nano-catalyst-blend.
Keywords: Combustion, Engine Performance, Entransy, Exergy, Nanoparticles.