Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), commonly known as a vaginal yeast infection, is a widespread fungal condition caused primarily by Candida albicans, affecting women globally. It’s becoming more prevalent in Odisha. Increasing antifungal resistance highlights the need for alternative treatments, particularly plant-based remedies. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) extract in managing vaginal candidiasis. Fifty vaginal swabs were collected from symptomatic women at IMS-SUM Hospital, Odisha. Candida albicans was isolated using SDA and CHROMagar Candida, and confirmed by ITS region PCR. Antifungal susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion on Mueller-Hinton agar with 2% glucose and methylene blue. Syzygium aromaticum was sourced locally, and its phytochemicals were screened using qualitative methods. The antifungal activity of clove extract was evaluated at 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL concentrations using the well diffusion method to determine its efficacy against Candida albicans isolates. Of 50 samples, 38 (76%) tested positive for Candida albicans. Antifungal testing showed fluconazole resistance was observed in 32% of isolates. Clove extract showed antifungal activity with zones of 14.2 ± 1.1 mm at 50 mg/mL, 19.6 ± 1.4 mm at 100 mg/mL, and 25.3 ± 1.7 mm at 200 mg/mL, showing dose-dependent effects. The study confirms antifungal potential of Syzygium aromaticum against Candida albicans, due to bioactive compounds like eugenol. The extract showed effectiveness against fluconazole-resistant strains. Clove extract demonstrated strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans, offering a potential remedy for resistant vaginal candidiasis. Future research should examine in vivo effects and clinical trials for efficacy. Integrating Syzygium aromaticum into treatments could provide an effective approach for managing recurrent vaginal candidiasis.
Keywords: Antifungal Resistance, Candida albicans, Syzygium aromaticum, Vaginal Candidiasis.